Robot Wars

Robot Wars is a British television game show which was originally broadcast from 1998 until 2004, and was revived in 2016 to continue for three more series. The idea of Robot Wars came from a US-based robot combat competition which ran from 1994 until 1997. The show has run for nine UK series, with a tenth due to begin airing in October 2017, as well as two series of Robot Wars Extreme, and the one-off series Robot Wars Revealed. Several international series of Robot Wars were also produced.

The show was originally broadcast on BBC Two on Friday evenings for the first four series, moving to BBC Choice on weekday evenings for the fifth and sixth series and both series of Extreme, with all four series being repeated on BBC Two in its regular Friday timeslot shortly after the original broadcast. For the seventh series, the show moved to Five and was broadcast on Sunday evenings. The rebooted series of Robot Wars aired on BBC Two once again, this time on a late-peak Sunday evening timeslot with repeats the following Monday night in the UK, and the following Wednesday night in Northern Ireland.

Both series of Robot Wars Extreme were repeated on digital channel Dave between 2010 and 2011, and have since been repeated again on Challenge from November 2015 and January 2016 respectively. The Second Wars also enjoyed a repeat run on Challenge in May/June 2014, before Challenge began showing repeats of Series 5 in November 2015, Series 6 in January 2016 and Series 7 in March 2016. H2 also started repeating Series 3 and 4 in January 2016.

Concept
The principle of Robot Wars has always been for competitor robots, built and driven by amateur engineers known as 'roboteers' to wage against the robots of other teams in combat. While attempting to win battles, robots must also dodge the hazards of the Robot Wars Arena, including the House Robots, such as Sir Killalot. The House Robots in particular are used to attack defeated robots, to inflict further damage upon losing competitors. Winning battles brings competitors closer to their goal of becoming Robot Wars Champion, in the knockout tournament format. Robots must be equipped with weaponry to aid them in battles, including flipping weapons, rotating weapons such as flywheels and circular saws, or the power of brute force.

Origins
The Robot Wars television show was based on a robot combat competition which ran from 1994 until 1997 in the U.S. This competition was created by Marc Thorpe, a designer working for the LucasToys division of Lucasfilm. The first competition was held in 1994 at the Fort Mason Center in San Francisco and three further competitions took place between 1995 and 1997. Approximately one month prior to the first event, Thorpe formed a partnership with New York based record company Profile Records, who provided additional funding for the competition.

In 1995, Profile Records partnered with production company Mentorn to produce and televise a Robot Wars event in the UK. Mentorn acquired the worldwide television rights from Profile later that year, and Tom Gutteridge and Steve Carsey created the television format from the original Robot Wars concept. The series was originally pitched to Channel 4, but it was rejected, so Mentorn approached the BBC instead. In 1996, Tom Gutteridge arranged a meeting with Michael Jackson, the then-controller of BBC Two, which would take the form of a live event featuring several stock robots built for the event, as well as three American robots - Thor, La Machine and The Master - specially flown over from the USA. Jackson was impressed with the event and the reaction of the live audience, and promised Mentorn some episodes. However, Jackson left his job at BBC Two to become controller of BBC One and was replaced by Mark Thompson, a friend of Gutteridge. The previous controller of BBC One, Alan Yentob, had become the new BBC Director of Programmes, and he was not interested in the idea of Robot Wars. As a result, nothing came of the televised Robot Wars proposal until 1997, when Yentob left his role to become the BBC Director of Television, which finally allowed Thompson to commission the series. Filming for the first series began later that year.

Televised show
Mentorn used Marc Thorpe as a consultant on the show and the first series of Robot Wars in the UK was broadcast over six weeks in February and March 1998. It was an immediate hit, with more than 2 million viewers, and a further 27 episodes were commissioned by the BBC that year. 155 episodes were produced in total, and the show was seen in 26 countries.

In addition to the main series, two series of Robot Wars Extreme were produced, featuring various side competitions and one-off battles. Two seasons of Robot Wars: Extreme Warriors were produced in the US for the TNN network, and a version aimed at a younger audience was also produced and aired on Nickelodeon. Also produced were two series of Dutch Robot Wars and a single series of German Robot Wars, which were broadcast in their respective countries. All were produced in London by Mentorn, and executive produced by Tom Gutteridge and Steve Carsey.

In 2003, after six main series and two series of Extreme, the rights for the show were acquired by Five, which broadcast the seventh series starting in November 2003. The final episode, the Third World Championship, was broadcast in March 2004, after which the series was eventually cancelled, leading to a 12-year hiatus off-air.

Live Events
After Robot Wars ended, robot combat in the UK continued with a series of non-televised live events held across the country, mostly organised by Roaming Robots, Robots Live! and RoboChallenge, and featuring several former Robot Wars veterans in addition to new competitors and roboteers. In February 2013, it was announced that Roaming Robots Ltd. had agreed a deal with Robot Wars LLC to use the Robot Wars brand name for its live shows, also gaining the rights to the House Robots, should they become available. Alan Gribble's replica of Matilda was used as a House Robot throughout the run of the live shows.

The first official event of the new Robot Wars live show was held in Barnsley in February 2013, and a new Robot Wars UK Championship was held in July 2013, with Eruption winning the title. In late 2015, a Robot Wars World Championship was also held, which was won by Toxic 2 over Thor. These events ran until the end of 2016, where John Findlay revoked his use of the Robot Wars brand, to avoid clashing with the unaffiliated television reboot. These events will be succeeded by Extreme Robots, a new touring show which will allow heavyweight spinners to compete on the live circuit for the first time in over a decade.

Return to TV
On January 13th 2016, the BBC announced that Robot Wars would be revived for a new series produced by Mentorn Scotland, with filming taking place in March of that year. The series consisted of six episodes, each an hour long, which were filmed in Glasgow and broadcast on BBC Two. Filming began on March 4th, with an unaired pilot being filmed on March 1st, and was concluded on March 13th. The series began airing on July 24th 2016, with a series of teaser trailers and an BBC iPlayer-exclusive preview being released in the lead up to the series' broadcast.

On October 11th 2016, a second series of the rebooted Robot Wars, officially known as 'Series 9', was announced by the BBC, again consisting of six episodes and set to air on BBC Two. Filming of Series 9 began on December 2nd and concluded December 7th 2016. A celebrity spin-off, Robot Wars: Battle of the Stars aired on December 28-29, 2016. The main series premiered on March 5th, 2017. The day after Series 9's premiere, Series 10 was officially revealed, and applications opened, ahead of filming in May 2017. Series 10 is due to begin airing on BBC Two on 22nd October 2017, with a run of eight episodes.

Personalities
The first series was hosted by Jeremy Clarkson, the pit reporter was Philippa Forrester and commentary was provided by Jonathan Pearce. Clarkson left the show after the first series and was replaced with Craig Charles, who presented the show until the original version ended in 2004. The main roles of Clarkson and Charles were to present each segment of the show, announce the winners of every battle and speak to the teams after the end of battles, Gauntlet runs and Trials.

Forrester's role as pit reporter consisted mainly of speaking to contestants about their robots in the pits before and after battles, although she was also seen introducing the Gauntlet in the first two series. In Series 4 and the first series of Robot Wars Extreme, Julia Reed took over the role of pit reporter due to Forrester's pregnancy, with Forrester returning for Series 5, 6 and Extreme 2. When Robot Wars moved over to Five for the seventh series, Jayne Middlemiss took over as pit reporter, with Forrester again being pregnant during this time.

For Series 8 (originally known as the '2016 series'), Dara Ó Briain and Angela Scanlon became the show's new co-hosts, taking up joint roles as presenters and pit reporters. Both hosts introduced and closed the show in each episode as well as speaking to competitors before and after each battle. Additionally, they occasionally watched battles from inside the control rooms and announced every judges' decision in Series 8. Jonathan Pearce also returned for the reboot to reprise his role as commentator. Ó Briain and Scanlon would retain their roles for Series 9 and 10, with Pearce providing commentary for both series.

History

 * Series 1: Jeremy Clarkson
 * Series 2-7, Extreme 1-2: Craig Charles
 * Series 8-10: Dara Ó Briain, Angela Scanlon

Roles

 * Introduce each episode.
 * Introduce the Trial stage (Series 1-2).
 * Interview competitors before and after battles, Gauntlet runs and Trials.
 * Film links between rounds, connecting filming sessions together.
 * Watch battles from inside one of the control rooms (Series 8 Grand Final).
 * Announce the winners of every battle/judges' decision.
 * Close all episodes.

History

 * Series 1-3, 5-6, Extreme 2: Philippa Forrester
 * Series 4, Extreme 1: Julia Reed
 * Series 7: Jayne Middlemiss
 * Series 8-10: Dara Ó Briain, Angela Scanlon

Roles

 * Introduce the Gauntlet stage (Series 1-2).
 * Introduce all competitor robots at the start of every Heat (Series 3-4).
 * Interview competitors in the pits about their robots before and after battles, Gauntlet runs and Trials.
 * Present many of the trophies to the winning teams.
 * Close some (Series 1-7, Extreme) or all episodes (Series 8-9).

NOTE: The Pit Reporter takes on all the responsibilities of the Presenter in Series 8-10, as there is no distinguished difference between the roles

House Robots
While not personalities in the sense of being human presenters, the House Robots are recognisable robots owned by the BBC, of which at least one will appear in every battle on the show. The House Robots are confined to a CPZ in the corner of the arena, where they will attack competitors if they draw too close, either by driving error, or a forced push by another competitor. If a robot is immobilised, the House Robots are permitted to attack the defeated competitor, inflicting further damage for entertainment purposes. The Refbot served a different purpose, ensuring a fair fight by separating robots which are locked together, extinguishing fire, and counting out immobile machines.

The list of House Robots includes:
 * Matilda (Series 1-10, Extreme 1-2)
 * Shunt (Series 1-10, Extreme 1-2)
 * Dead Metal (Series 1-10, Extreme 1-2)
 * Sergeant Bash (Series 1-7, Extreme 1-2)
 * Sir Killalot (Series 2-10, Extreme 1-2)
 * Mr. Psycho (Series 6-7, Extreme 2)
 * Growler (Series 6-7, Extreme 2)
 * Cassius Chrome (Series 7)
 * Refbot (Series 4-7, Extreme 1-2)

Format
The format for the first two series consisted of between six and twelve heats featuring six competitor robots per heat. All robots competed in a series of three challenges - the Gauntlet, the Trial and the Arena - in the following order:
 * The Gauntlet, an obstacle course featuring three routes and littered with House Robots and arena hazards. Competitors had to negotiate the course in the fastest time possible, or the furthest distance possible in the time allowed, depending on their performance. The robot covering the least distance by the end of the Gauntlet stage was eliminated, leaving the other five robots to progress.
 * The Trial was a skills test which varied from heat to heat, each with certain rules and objectives depending on the trial's nature. Challenges in the first series included 'Sumo', 'British Bulldog', 'Stock Car', 'Labyrinth', 'Snooker', and 'Football', while the Second Wars added 'Skittles', 'Tug of War', 'King of the Castle', 'Joust', and 'Pinball' to the roster. As with the Gauntlet, the worst-performing robot in each Trial was eliminated, leaving the remaining four robots to advance to the Arena stage.
 * The Arena served as the climatic combat stage in every heat. The four surviving robots paired off and fought in head-to head battles within an enclosed arena patrolled by the House Robots. The two winning robots would progress into the Heat Final, with the winner going through to the Grand Final (Series 1) or one of the Semi-Finals (Series 2).

In the First Wars, the six heat winners fought each other in a single six-way battle to determine the series champion. The Second Wars featured two Semi-Finals with six Heat Finalists each, who competed in the Gauntlet and Trial stages again before fighting in two one-on-one battles. The two winners from each Semi-Final progressed to the Grand Final, where the four remaining robots paired off in two eliminator rounds and the two winners met in the final to determine the series champion. The losers of each eliminator would also face each other in a playoff for third place.

From the Third Wars onwards, the Gauntlet and Trial stages were discarded and the championship took the form of a straight knockout tournament spanning between 12 and 16 heats, with two Semi-Finals and a Grand Final. The format varied from series to series, with Series 4, 6 and 7 featuring two three- or four-way melees and two head-to-head battles to determine the Heat Finalists, and Series 3 consisting exclusively of one-on-one battles. Heat winners would then progress to the Semi-Finals, with two robots from each going through to the Grand Final of each respective series. In Series 5 and 6, the losing robots from the first round of each Semi-Final would fight in a three-way Losers' Melee, with the winner of this battle progressing to the second round along with the first round winners.

In Series 8-9, the first-round battles were referred to as Group Battles, with two robots progressing from these four-way melees into the round-robin style Head-to-Head stage. Here, the four surviving competitors would fight each other in a series of one-on-one battles in order to score points and qualify for a place in the Heat Final. The two highest scoring robots would then fight for a place in the Grand Final, with the winner of the Heat Final automatically progressing. The Grand Final followed a similar format to the heats, with the Group Battles featuring three robots each instead of four. The Grand Finalists consisted of all five heat winners, as well as a sixth 'wildcard' entry chosen out of the five Heat Finalists.

For Series 10, the format was changed again, with only one winner from each three-way Group Battle progressing to the Semi-Finals of each heat. The four losing robots from the Group Battles then fight again in the Robot Redemption Knockouts, a set of head-to-head battles where the winners progress to the Semi-Finals to join the Group Battle winners. Winners of each Semi-Final advance to the Heat Final as in the original series; losers enter a play-off for third place. All five heat winners automatically qualify for the Grand Final; every second-and third-place finisher enters the Ten Robot Rumble, where they fight each other in a melee for a chance to be reinstated as the sixth Grand Finalist.

In each arena battle, there were many ways in which a competitor robot could lose a battle:
 * A robot immobile for thirty seconds or longer would be counted out and be subjected to attacks from the House Robots, where they would sustain extra damage or be taken to arena hazards. Between the first series of Extreme and Series 7, Refbot would count down the final ten seconds. From Series 8 onwards, robots would be eliminated if they stood immobile for ten seconds, with the battle ending immediately after that.
 * A robot flipped over the arena walls into the space between the arena and the enclosure box was eliminated instantly.
 * A robot which fell or was pushed into the open Pit of Oblivion was also eliminated instantly.
 * If none of the above conditions were satisfied, a panel of three Judges would decide the winner, scoring each competitor on 'style', 'control', 'damage' and 'aggression', with 'damage' initially taking precedence in the event that the scores were tied. For Series 8 onwards, the 'style' category was dropped, leaving only 'control', 'damage' and 'aggression' as the key judging criteria.

Judges
Whenever a battle ended with no clear winner, a panel of three Judges would decide on the outcome by scoring each competitor on style, control, damage and aggression. The original Judges for the first two series were Eric Dickinson (the only British veteran of the original US competition), Adam Harper (then holder of the land speed record for electronic vehicles) and Professor Noel Sharkey (Head of Robotics at Sheffield University) who judged every series.

In Series 3, Dickinson was replaced by Martin Smith (Head of the UK Cybernautics Society). Series 4 saw Adam Harper replaced by Dr Myra Wilson (Head of Computer Science at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth). In Series 5, Mat Irvine (BBC Technical Consultant and House Bot designer) went from being the show's safety inspector to Judge, and he, Smith and Wilson cycled throughout, with two of each acting as Judges for Series 5 and Extreme 1. After this, Wilson left the show, and Irvine, Sharkey and Smith remained in their roles until the original end of the show's run.

When Robot Wars returned in 2016, Sharkey returned alongside two new Judges - robotics professionals Professor Sethu Vijayakumar and Dr. Lucy Rogers. Additionally, the 'style' category was dropped from the scoring criteria, leaving only 'control', 'damage' and 'aggression'. The Judging line-up remained the same for Series 9 and 10.

International versions
In addition to the UK series of Robot Wars, other versions of the show were produced for television networks around the world, featuring competitors from other countries as well as their own hosts, pit reporters and commentators. A US version of the show called Robot Wars: Extreme Warriors was produced for the TNN network, running for two seasons, alongside an additional series produced for the children's channel, Nickelodeon. There were also two series of Dutch Robot Wars produced for the BNN network in the Netherlands, and one series of German Robot Wars produced for RTL II in Germany. All international versions of the show were produced in the main Robot Wars television studio in London or RAF Newton, with the battles taking place in the main Robot Wars Arena and featuring the UK series' judges and House Robots.

As well as these localised versions, the original UK series was broadcast in other territories, including North America, Australia, mainland Europe, the Middle East and Asia. In some territories such as India and most European countries, the programme was broadcast in English with regional subtitles. Elsewhere, such as in Pakistan, the series was dubbed into each country's regional language, in this case both the Hindi and Urdu languages, with English subtitles. Some of these dubs, such as the German versions of The Fourth and Fifth Wars, also featured new continuity links filmed with regional presenters, as well as new commentary specifically produced for these versions. Arguably the most well-known international dub was Robot Wars: Grand Champions, a North American dub of The Fourth Wars aired by TNN, which featured US hosts and commentary.

In December 2016, Passion Distribution, the distribution company for Robot Wars, announced that a local version of the rebooted series would be produced with Group M Entertainment for audiences in Asia. This was later revealed to be intended for the Chinese market.

UK Champions
Below are the Champions and Grand Finalists of the nine main series of Robot Wars. For more information on each series, see the individual articles linked below.

World Champions
Below are the Champions, Finalists and Semi-Finalists of the three Robot Wars World Championships. For more information on each series, see the individual articles linked below.